11-1

1. desert
2. oases
3. tribes
4. Bedouins
5.Makkah
6. Muhammad
7. Islam
8. Allah
9. Medinah
10. Islamic State
11. Makkah
12. Quran
13. Five Pillars of Islam
14. Sunna



11-2

1. successor
2. caliph
3. successor
4. Shiites
5. Umayyad
6. Sunnis
7 Umayyad
8. Sufis
9. Abbasid
10. sultan
11. sultan
12. Suleiman I
13. Moguls
14. Akbar